한국어 문법 - 현재 시제 기초 Korean grammar - Basic of resent tense

These [Caca] are Pronunciation


In Korean every verb ends with '다', it's called "infinitive form" or "base form" of the verb.

To conjugate a verb into present tense (and usually every time you need to add a grammar structure to it) you have to remove 다 to get the "verb stem".

For example:


먹다 [먹따] - to eat
가다 - to go

Now you can learn how to conjugate a verb into present. Let's see how is it.

FORMAL

- When the verb stem ends with a consonant you have to add 습니다[슴니다].
- When the verb stem ends with a vowel you have to add ㅂ니다[ㅁ니다].

Example:


저는 사과를 먹습니다.

I eat an apple.

저는 학교에 갑니다(가ㅂ니다).
I go to school.

Words

사과 - apple
학교 [학꾜] - school
에 가다 - to go to (place).

Now try to do it! Conjugate these verbs to present tense.


일어나다 [이러나다] - to wake up
받다 [받따] - to receive
자다 - to sleep
앉다 [안타] - to sit

STANDARD (more used one)

- When the verb stem has ㅏ or ㅗ you have to add 아요.
- When the verb stem has another vowel (simple & combined ones) you have to add 어요.

Example:



저는 사과를 먹어요. [머거요]
I eat an apple.


저는 학교에 가요.
I go to school.


Now conjugate these verbs to present tense.

일어나다 - to wake up
받다 - to receive
자다 - to sleep
앉다 - to sit
배우다 - to learn

INFORMAL

This form is like standard, but without final 요 and you have to use informal version of words (ex. 나 instead of 저) or you can use contractions and remove particles sometimes.

나는 사과를 먹어. [머거]
I eat an apple.

나는 학교에 가.
I go to school.

나는 = 난




화이탕!

한국어 문법 - -ㄹ래요 Korean grammar - -ㄹ래요

-래요 is one of the ending of Korean.

It's short version of -라고 해요.

You can use this when you tell someone about you know.

It's attached to stem which ends with -이다, -아니다 or to ending -더-

1. Example for -이다.

오늘 저녁은 짜장면이다. - Today's dinner is black noodle.

But if you want to give this information to other person you can use -래요.

오늘 저녁은 짜장면이래. - Today's dinner is black noodle.

We removed -이다 and added -래요 because 짜장면 is the stem.

바게트는 빵이에요. -> 바게트는 빵이래요.  Baguette is bread.

머리가 없으면 대머리예요. -> 머리라 없으면 대머리래요. It's bald if doesn't have hair.

2. Example for -더-.

-더- is the ending attached to between stem and ending.

You can use this when you want to give facts which you experienced.

오늘은 비가 왔어요. -> 오늘은 비가 왔더래요. - Today it rained.

마트에서 양파가 싸요. -> 마트에서 양파가 싸더래요. - Onion is cheap at supermarket.

춤을 배우는건 어려워요. -> 춤을 배우는건 어렵더래요. - Learning dancing is hard.

3. Examples for practice without colorㅋ. 

제 친구는 바보래요. - My friend is a babo.

날씨가 춥더래요. - Weather is cold.

요즘은 밥이 맛이 없더래요. - Meal is not delicious these days.

엄마가 택배를 보내래요. - Mom tole me to send a package.

동생은 내일 미국에 갈거래요. - My brother will go the America tomorrow.

저 사람은 아직 결혼 안했더래요. - That person haven't get married yet.

아린은 돈이 없더래요. - Arin doesn't have money.

알렉스는 학생이래요. - Alex is a student.

한국어 어휘 - 관용구 Korean vocabulary - Idioms

1. 강건너 불구경 - Watching fire on the other side of river

It means just watching something not related to you. = just watching.

우리 같은 팀이야! 강건너 불구경하고 있으면 안돼. - We are in the same team! You can't just watching.

2. 간 떨어지다 - One's liver falls

Old people thought liver is the origin of life.

So many idioms using liver instead of heart.

In this idiom it means state of surprised like feeling of heart when you are surprised.

Like "one's heart dropped".

아 깜짝이야! 간 떨어지는 줄 알았네! - OMG! I thought my liver falls!

3. 골로 가다 - Going coffin

It means dying.

very simple one.

골 is old word of 관 which mean coffin. 

나쁜일만 하면 골로 간다. - If you do only bad things you will die.

4. 귀신이 곡할 노릇 - Even ghost will cry

It means very strange or odd thing happened so even ghost will cry

Like something or someone disappear in a second or something moves in your room when you are alone in home

방에 있던 지갑이 사라졌어. 귀신이 곡할 노릇이네. - Wallet in my room disappeared. Even ghost will cry.

5. 눈 둘 곳을 모르다 - Don't know where to look

When everywhere is full of things you don't want to see.

Or just don't know where to look.

니가 벗고 있어서 눈 둘 곳을 모르겠다. - I don't know where to look, because you are naked.

6. 다리를 뻗고 자다 - sleep with one's legs stretched out

When you sleep with comfortable mind and body

숙제를 다 했으니 다리를 뻗고 잘 수 있다. - I did every homework so I can sleep with legs stretched out.

7. 마음에 두다 - Keep in mind

슬픈 일을 마음에 두지 마. - Don't keep sad things in mind.

8. 모 아니면 도 - Mo or Do

They are from Korean dice 윷, Mo and Do = 6 and 1.
It means success or failure = go big or go home.

지금 주식을 사면 모 아니면 도다. - If I buy stocks now its go big or go home

9. 죽이 되든 밥이 되든 - Become porridge or become rice

When you have to do something and there is no way to avoid.
It has similar meaning with Sink or Swim.

죽이 되든 밥이 되든 도전해 봐야 알 수 있다. - Sink or swim, you can't know before challenge it.

10. 피가 되고 살이 되다. - Become blood and flesh.

Things helpful to you like blood and flesh.

공부를 하면 다 피가 되고 살이 되는거야. - If you study, it will help you.