한국어 문법 - 은/는 이/가 Korean grammar - eun/neun i/ga


What is 은는이가



은/는, 이/가 Is a part of speech that adds the meaning of grammar by attaching it to the back of a 체언(noun, pronoun, or rhetoric).


What is 이/가


이/가 Indicates the state and subject of the sentence so it gives new information

오늘이 내 생일이다 Today is my birthday
내가 밥을 만들었다 I made the meal
치킨이 식었다 Chicken has cooled down

The use of 이/가 depends on the nature of the preceding word
If word before 이/가 it ends with 받침 you have use 이 if ends without it you have to use 가

내가 O
내이 X

치킨이 O
치킨가 X


What is 은/는


은/는 is an assistant The auxiliary verb is to add a special meaning to a word
은/는 is used to highlight subject or to have a contrast or indicate a topic in a sentence


Highlighting subject example


인생은 내가 책임진다 I'm responsible for my life
바빠도 밥은 드세요 Even you are busy you must eat meal
너에게도 잘못은 있다. You are at fault, too.

An important topic in these sentences is the word that comes before the auxiliary like life, meal and fault


Acting as contrast


너는 똑똑해 나는 바보야 You are smart i am babo
엄마는 밥을 하고 나는 게임을 했어요 Mom was cooking I was playing game
친구는 바빠서 먼저 떠났어요 Friend was busy so he left first


Indicating object in sentence


저는 아린이에요 I am arin
고기는 맛있어요 Meat is delicious
책은 내 동생이 빌려 왔다 This book is borrowed by my brother.

Indicates that an object in sentence ez

가족이 있어요? Do you have family?
가족은 고향에 있어요 Family is in my hometown

이/가 brought a new topic 가족(new information)
은/는 is indicating topic 가족(old information)

아린씨는 어디에서 왔어요? Where are you from Arin?
저는 남미에서 왔어요 I am from south america

He already knows Arin(old information), so He used 은/는 in the first sentence
The use of 은/는 depends on the nature of the preceding word

If word before 은/는 it ends with 받침 you have use 은 if ends without it you have to use 는

저는 O
저은 X

치킨은 O
치킨는 X


Combined example


시골에 친구가 살고 있었어요 Friend was living in country side
친구는 돈이 없었어요 Friend didnt have money
친구는 일을 하고 동생은 공부를 했어요 Friend worked and his brother studied

친구가 Indicated subject and brought new information
친구는 In the following sentence, the topic of the sentence is expressed again(old information)
친구는, 동생은 Used as contrast

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